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Acromegaly causes many complications such as bone and joint diseases, sleep apnea syndrome, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and tumors. Delays in clinical diagnosis and treatment have significantly increased the incidence of complications. According to " Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acromegaly(2020)" , we interpret the assessment, management, and follow-up of acromegaly comorbidities in order to guide and standardize the management of acromegaly comorbidities and improve the prognosis of patients.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on body fat redistribution and muscle mass in overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the data of 76 patients with body mass indexes (BMI)≥24 kg/m, who had an established diagnosis of T2DM in our department between December, 2014 and September, 2015. We divided these patients according to their BMI in overweight group (BMI of 24-27.9 kg/m, =14), obese group (BMI of 28-31.9 kg/m, =35) and severely obese group (BMI≥32 kg/m, =27). All the patients received treatment with GLP-1RAs (Exenatide or Liraglutide) for 3.0 to 29.0 weeks (mean 8.9 weeks), and their blood glucose, HbA1c and serum lipids were analyzed. For each patient, the fat and muscle masses were analyzed using a human body composition analyzer (JAWON-IOI353, Korea) before and after GLP-1RAs treatment.@*RESULTS@#Treatment with GLP-1RAs significantly decreased BMI and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in all the patients in the 3 groups ( < 0.05). The treatment significantly decreased the body weight in the overweight group and obese group by 2.70 kg (0.60-4.95 kg) and 2.65 kg (1.45-6.40 kg), respectively ( < 0.05), and significantly decreased the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in the overweight group ( < 0.05). The obese and severely obese patients showed significantly decreased percentage body fat (including both subcutaneous and visceral fat) and increased muscle mass after the treatment ( < 0.05). Compared with those in the overweight group, the percentage body fat and VAI were significantly decreased in the obese group after the treatment ( < 0.05), and the percentage of subcutaneous fat reduced and the muscle ratio increased more obviously in the obese and severely obese patients ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#GLP-1RAs treatment can significantly lower BMI and improve body fat distribution in obese patients with T2DM, especially in patients with a greater BMI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adipose Tissue , Body Mass Index , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor , Hypoglycemic Agents , Obesity , Overweight , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To integrate existing data and analyze the optogenetic application in the study of the cocaine addiction mechanism.Methods The key words optogenetics,addiction, cocaine and so on were selected.Relevant research information was collected from various authentic databases such as China Journal Full-text Database,Chinese Biomedical Databases,Wanfang Digital Journals,VIP Full-text Database and PubMed,SCIENCEDIRECT,SPRINGERLINK databases by literature study,assess the quality of the studies and the qualitative systematic review was conducted in this study.Results Findings from present data showed that:with great spatial and temporal specificity,the optogenetic application not only proved the important role of traditional theories of mesolimbic dopamine system,but also dissected the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms of dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission underlying cocaine addiction.Conclusion The use of optogenetic tools has given researchers the potential to dissect the neuronal circuits and molecular changes,leading us to a better understanding of the mechanisms of cocaine addiction and to the development of novel treatment.